What is a Build?

All 3 are the result of product compilation
- build   - immediate result of the compilation - has enumeration for INTERNAL use
- release - the build meant to go to the production - keeps the internal enumeration of the build
- version - enumeration given to the outside world/users - EXTERNAL

Black box testing - Testing from user perspective, versus the source code perspective (white box)
White box testing - Testing from source code perspective, bugs are identified and reported at the source code level
Gray box testing  - an extention of Black Box testing using complete/partial knowledge of software architecture/structure. 
		    Comes with tools and/or languages. (Postman, devtools)
==Examples of Gray Box Testing
	- parsing/analyzing log files with (c#, perl, javascript, manually)
	- REST API (web services) testing with Postman, with javascript...
	- data integrity (data saved properly in the database records)


Functionality Testing - making sure all the requirements (features) are properly implemented (verification)
Regression testing    - making sure nothing was broken as a result of modifying the code

- Workload (operations/Mb per second):
- Performance degradation
Performance testing - monitor performance degradation of the SYSTEM under SPECIFIC workload (within the working limits, 70% of MAX) for a set time (f.e. 4 hours)
Load testing?       - Performance testing with focus on database/backend performance (within expected/Specific load)
Stress? 	    - Performance testing at EXTREME load
   - LoadRunner        - provides lots of data for formal certification
   - Jmeter            - used for non-formal testing

Volume testing:	    - testing of the application being able to function with data/file of specified size/volume


Exploratory testing - intuitive testing with the purpose of better understandig of how the application works (planning, executing, 		      		      learning-AHA moment)

Ad hoc (non-systematic) testing is a subset of Exploratory where planning, executing and learning are happening at the same time

User Acceptance Test? - Done by SMExperts (not QA) on behalf of users, last testing before delivery to the customer; 							developed for a client (not for the open market)
Beta-testing?         - EXTERNAL User Acceptance testing (for open market applications)
Crowd testing?	      - testing software updates/new versions on a smaller part of user base in anticipation of complains/bugs reported

Build acceptance      - (Smoke testing; sanity check) - making sure there are no COMPILATION problems and the build is in 
			testable condition (might be sent to QA) - no catastrophic exits



LEVELS OF TESTING:
What is Unit testing? 	- White box testing. Isolating other unites of software and concentrating on a single unit
Integration testing?  	- Testing 2 or more units together (white box). Black box: 2+ functional modules/features
System testing?       	- Testing the entire system (application) with no regards to individual units
  -End-to-End testing?  - system level test similar to execution of a use case - testing a completed business transaction


What is API Testing?  - White box testing of libraries (APIs) developed to be reused multiple times in that project
Rest API testing      - (gray box) testing REST API services (how the app communicates from server side to client side). 
			Could be done manually (Postman) or automated
API = Application programming Interface (libraries)

string ReturnURLValue (int age; string income; string whitehouse)


Test harness (automated testing framework) - the application/environment for building and executing automated tests

Browser compatibility testing (cross-browser)? - web page looks/works regardless of the browser used to see the page
Operating system (cross-platform) Compatibility? - web page looks/works the same in the browser while moving to other operating systems

Windows: Edge, MSIE, Chrome, FireFox, Opera, Safari
macos:   Safari, Chrome, Firefox, etc.

Define Equivalence class? - group of inputs with an exact same EXPECTED output - we need 1 test case for the class
Equivalence partitioning? - the process of identifying classes and their boundaries
Boundary testing?         - 2 test cases per boundary - the output changes when we cross the boundary
Boundary Value Analysis?  - the process of identifying the boundaries/classes

What is error handling testing (exception handling)?
- has nothing to do with what user will experience
- exception is a catastrophic CODE problem - dividing by ZERO, for example - program should terminate
- error handling is a part of the application CODE
- white box testing

Localization testing - testing of translation, currencies, time/date, and other country/language specific issues
Internationalization testing - making sure that the application is adjustable to various languages, locations, time/date, etc.